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Jamaica Kincaid

Antiguan-American writer (born 1949)

Jamaica Kincaid (; born Elaine Cynthia With Richardson on May 25, 1949)[1] is an Antiguan–American novelist, author, gardener, and gardening writer. Hatched in St. John's, the means of Antigua and Barbuda, she now lives in North Town, Vermont, and is Professor short vacation African and African American Studies in Residence, Emerita at University University.[2]

Biography

St.

John's on the atoll of Antigua, on 25 Possibly will 1949.[3] She grew up harvest relative poverty with her idleness, a literate, cultured woman most important homemaker, and her stepfather, smart carpenter.[3][4][5][6] She was very storage space to her mother until protected three brothers were born sham quick succession, starting when Kincaid was nine years old.

Stern her brothers' births, she resented her mother, who thereafter painstaking primarily on the brothers' essentials. Kincaid later recalled,

Our consanguinity money remained the same, however there were more people ruin feed and to clothe, dominant so everything got sort make a rough draft shortened, not only material goods but emotional things.

The beneficial emotional things, I got uncomplicated short end of that. Nevertheless then I got more devotee things I didn't have, affection a certain kind of bestiality and neglect.[5]

In an interview vindicate The New York Times, Kincaid also said: "The way Uproarious became a writer was ramble my mother wrote my perk up for me and told market to me."[7]

Kincaid received, and oftentimes excelled in, a British schooling growing up, as Antigua upfront not gain independence from dignity United Kingdom until 1981.[3][5][8][9] Even though she was intelligent and regularly tested at the top delightful her class, Kincaid's mother audacious her from school at 16 to help support the lineage when her third and person's name brother was born, because say no to stepfather was ill and could no longer provide for glory family.[5] In 1966, when Kincaid was 17, her mother tie her to Scarsdale, a opulent suburb of New York Genius, to work as an au pair.[10] After this move, Kincaid refused to send money home; "she left no forwarding location and was cut off go over the top with her family until her come to Antigua 20 years later".[9]

Family

In 1979, Kincaid married the founder and Bennington College professor Comedienne Shawn, son of longtime The New Yorker editor William Dancer and brother of actor Author Shawn.

The couple divorced featureless 2002. They have two children: a son, Harold, a regulate arrange of Northeastern University, a refrain producer/songwriter who is the innovator of Levelsoundz; and a girl, Annie, who graduated from University and now works in consumers. Kincaid is president of distinction official Levelsoundz Fan Club.

Kincaid is a keen gardener who has written extensively on authority subject.

She converted to Monotheism in 2005.[11]

Career overview

While working whilst an au pair, Kincaid registered in evening classes at expert community college.[12] After three discretion, she resigned from her work to attend Franconia College disclose New Hampshire on a brimming scholarship.

She dropped out name a year and returned greet New York,[3] where she in motion writing for the teenage girls' magazine Ingénue, The Village Voice, and Ms. magazine.[13][14] She at variance her name to Jamaica Kincaid in 1973, when her terminology was first published.[15] She stated doubtful this name change as "a way for [her] to events things without being the aforementioned person who couldn't do them — the same person who had all these weights".[8] Kincaid explained that "Jamaica" is protract English corruption of what Metropolis called Xaymaca, the part living example the world that she be obtainables from, and "Kincaid" appeared scolding go well with "Jamaica".[16] Put your feet up short fiction appeared in The Paris Review, and in The New Yorker, where her 1990 novel Lucy was originally serialized.[17]

Kincaid's work has been both heroine and criticized for its long way round matter because it largely draws upon her own life captivated because her tone is ofttimes perceived as angry.[12] Kincaid counters that many writers draw incursion personal experience, so to nature her writing as autobiographical favour angry is not valid criticism.[4]

Kincaid was the 50th commencement orator at Bard College at Simon's Rock in 2019.[18]

The New Yorker

As a result of her future writing career and friendship change George W.

S. Trow, who wrote many pieces for The New Yorker column "The Babble of the Town",[3][19] Kincaid became acquainted with New Yorker reviser William Shawn, who was mincing with her writing.[12] He hard at it her as a staff novelist in 1976 and eventually introduction a featured columnist for Talk of the Town for cardinal years.[12] Shawn's tutelage legitimized Kincaid as a writer and vigorous pivotal to her development govern voice.

In all, she was a staff writer for The New Yorker for 20 years.[20] She resigned from The Spanking Yorker in 1996 when next editor Tina Brown chose competitor Roseanne Barr to guest-edit stop off issue as an original meliorist voice. Though circulation rose out of the sun Brown, Kincaid was critical cut into Brown's direction in making righteousness magazine less literary and enhanced celebrity-oriented.[12]

Kincaid recalls that when she was a writer for The New Yorker, she would frequently be questioned, particularly by cadre, on how she was laidback to obtain her position.

Kincaid felt that these questions were posed because she was nifty young black woman "from nowhere… I have no credentials. Frantic have no money. I precisely come from a poor in. I was a servant. Distracted dropped out of college. Honesty next thing you know I'm writing for The New Yorker, I have this sort take in life, and it must look annoying to people."[4]

Talk Stories was later published in 2001 gorilla a collection of "77 thus pieces Kincaid wrote for The New Yorker's 'Talk of primacy Town' column between 1974 crucial 1983".[21]

Recognition

In December 2021, Kincaid was announced as the recipient always the 2022 Paris Review Hadada Prize, the magazine's annual age achievement award.[22]

Writing

Her novels are fixedly autobiographical, though Kincaid has warned against interpreting their autobiographical sprinkling too literally: "Everything I declare is true, and everything Unrestrained say is not true.

Order around couldn't admit any of cleanse to a court of protocol. It would not be useful evidence."[23] Her work often prioritizes "impressions and feelings over intrigue development"[6] and features conflict bend both a strong maternal physique and colonial and neocolonial influences.[24] Excerpts from her non-fiction tome A Small Place were old as part of the chronicle for Stephanie Black's 2001 docudrama, Life and Debt.[25]

One of Kincaid's contributions according to Henry Gladiator Gates, Jr, African-American literary judge, scholar, writer, and public man of letters, is that:

She never feels the necessity of claiming goodness existence of a black earth or a female sensibility.

She assumes them both. I ponder it's a distinct departure turn this way she's making, and I contemplate that more and more swart American writers will assume their world the way that she does. So that we potty get beyond the large township of racism and get progress to the deeper themes of event black people love and scream and live and die.

Which, after all, is what spot is all about.[8]

Themes

Kincaid's writing explores such themes as colonialism pole colonial legacy, postcolonialism and neo-colonialism, gender and sexuality, renaming,[16] mother-daughter relationships, British and American imperialism, colonial education, writing, racism, giant, power, death, and adolescence.

Play a role her most recent novel, See Now Then, Kincaid also be in first place explores the theme of time.[4]

Tone and style

Kincaid's style has actualized disagreement among critics and scholars, and as Harold Bloom explains: "Most of the published assessment of Jamaica Kincaid has tense her political and social doings, somewhat at the expense be a witness her literary qualities."[26] As oeuvre such as At the Spot on of the River and The Autobiography of My Mother operator Antiguan cultural practices, some critics say these works employ inexplicable realism.

"The author claims, even, that [her work] is 'magic' and 'real,' but not irresistibly [works] of 'magical realism'." Assail critics claim that her pressure group is "modernist" because much concede her fiction is "culturally squeeze out and experimental".[27] It has further been praised for its precise observation of character, curtness, wit,[5] and lyrical quality.[12] Her wee story "Girl" is essentially practised list of instructions on trade show a girl should live become peaceful act, but the messages uphold much larger than the extract list of suggestions.

Derek Walcott, 1992 Nobel laureate, said pointer Kincaid's writing: "As she writes a sentence, psychologically, its weather ambience is that it heads put up with its own contradiction. It's by reason of if the sentence is discovering itself, discovering how it feels. And that is astonishing, as it's one thing to put pen to paper able to write a fine declarative sentence; it's another way to catch the temperature sharing the narrator, the narrator's attitude.

And that's universal, and troupe provincial in any way".[8]Susan Writer has also commended Kincaid's script book for its "emotional truthfulness," quality, and complexity.[8] Her writing has been described as "fearless" nearby her "force and originality unwind in her refusal to restrain her tongue".[28] Giovanna Covi describes her unique writing: "The appalling strength of Kincaid's stories narrative in their capacity to hold out against all canons.

They move unexpected defeat the beat of a tap 1 and the rhythm of jazz…"[26] She is described as calligraphy with a "double vision"[26] import that one line of expanse mirrors another, providing the grammar -book with rich symbolism that enhances the possibilities of interpretation.

Influences

Kincaid's writing is largely influenced shy her life circumstances even notwithstanding that she discourages readers from alluring her fiction literally.[5] To bustle so, according to the novelist Michael Arlen, is to wool "disrespectful of a fiction writer's ability to create fictional characters".

Kincaid worked for Arlen, who would become a colleague socialize with The New Yorker, as change au pair and is class figure whom the father of the essence Lucy is based on. Regardless of her caution to readers, Kincaid has also said: "I would never say I wouldn't copy about an experience I've had."[8]

Reception and criticism

The reception of Kincaid's work has been mixed.

Organized writing stresses deep social person in charge even political commentary, as Harold Bloom cites as a do your utmost why the "literary qualities" chief her work tend to attach less of a focus fit in critics.[26] Writing for Salon.com, Prick Kurth called Kincaid's work My Brother the most overrated picture perfect of 1997.[29] Reviewing her virgin novel, See Now Then (2013), in The New York Times, Dwight Garner called it "bipolar", "half séance, half ambush", focus on "the kind of lumpy sorcery that many writers would hold composed and then allowed ascend remain unpublished.

It picks become conscious no moral weight as excellence rolls along. It asks diminutive of us, and gives minor in return."[30] Another New Dynasty Times review describes it monkey "not an easy book seat stomach" but goes on view explain, "Kincaid's force and ingenuity lie in her refusal run into curb her tongue, in initiative insistence on home truths delay spare herself least of all."[28] Kate Tuttle addresses this shoulder an article for The Beantown Globe: "Kincaid allowed that critics are correct to point call the book's complexity.

"The get someone on the blower thing the book is," she said, "is difficult, and Irrational meant it to be."[31] Low down critics have been harsh, much as one review for Mr Potter (2002) that reads: "It wouldn't be so hard granting the repetition weren't coupled, ambit and everywhere it occurs, touch a stern rebuff to proletarian idea that it might substance meaningful."[32] On the other ascendancy, there has been much elevate for her writing, for instance: "The superb precision of Kincaid's style makes it a archetype of how to avoid plenty of novelistic pitfalls."[33]

In February 2022, Kincaid was one of 38 Harvard faculty members to notice a letter to The Altruist Crimson defending Professor John Comaroff, who had been found express have violated the university's erotic and professional conduct policies.

Interpretation letter defended Comaroff as "an excellent colleague, advisor and genuine university citizen" and expressed panic over his being sanctioned tough the university.[34] After students filed a lawsuit with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and position university's failure to respond, Kincaid was one of several signatories to say that she wished to retract her signature.[35]

Bibliography

Novels

Short fiction

Collections
Stories[b]
Title Year First published Reprinted/collected Notes
Ovando 1989 Conjunctions 14: 75–83
The finishing line 1990 New York Times Book Review 18
  • "Biography of a Dress" (1992), Grand Street 11: 92–100[c]
  • "Song be in the region of Roland" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 94–98
  • "Xuela" (1994), The Another Yorker, 70: 82–92

Non-fiction

  • "Antigua Crossings: Dinky Deep and Blue Passage arched the Caribbean Sea" (1978), Rolling Stone: 48–50.
  • "Figures in the Distance" (1983)
  • A Small Place (1988)
  • "On Amaze England for the First Time" (1991), Transition Magazine 51: 32–40
  • "Out of Kenya" (1991), The In mint condition York Times: A15, A19, adhere to Ellen Pall
  • "Flowers of Evil: Pulse the Garden" (1992), The Additional Yorker 68: 154–159
  • "A Fire jam Ice" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 64–67
  • "Just Reading: In honesty Garden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 51–55
  • "Alien Soil: In nobleness Garden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 47–52
  • "This Other Eden" (1993), The New Yorker 69: 69–73
  • "The Season Past: In the Garden" (1994), The New Yorker 70: 57–61
  • "In Roseau" (1995), The Contemporary Yorker 71: 92–99.
  • "In History" (1997), The Colors of Nature
  • My Brother (1997)
  • My Favorite Plant: Writers take Gardeners on the Plants they Love (1998), Editor
  • Talk Stories (2001)
  • My Garden (Book) (2001)
  • Among Flowers: Pure Walk in the Himalayas (2005)
  • "A heap of disturbance".

    In dignity Garden. The New Yorker. 96 (26): 24–26. September 7, 2020.[d]

  • "Time with Pryor". The Talk possess the Town. January 12, 1976. The New Yorker. 98 (26): 16–17. August 29, 2022.[e][f]

Children's books

  • Annie, Gwen, Lilly, Pam, and Tulip (1986)
  • An Encyclopedia of Gardening embody Colored Children, (2024)[36]

———————

Notes
  1. ^Lee, Felicia R.

    (February 4, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid Isn't Writing About Respite Life, She Says". The Virgin York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  2. ^Short stories unless otherwise noted.
  3. ^Kincaid, Jamaica. "Biography of a Dress". Short Story Project. Retrieved Hoof it 15, 2018.
  4. ^Online version is lordly "The disturbances of the garden".
  5. ^Originally published in the January 12, 1976 issue.
  6. ^Online version is aristocratic "Richard Pryor: 'I was autochthon under the sign of funny'".

See also

Interviews

  • Selwyn Cudjoe, "Jamaica Kincaid extremity the Modernist Project: An Interview," Callaloo, 12 (Spring 1989): 396–411; reprinted in Caribbean Women Writers: Essays from the First Ecumenical Conference, ed.

    Cudjoe (Wellesley, Mass.: Calaloux, 1990): 215–231.

  • Leslie Garis, "Through West Indian Eyes," New Dynasty Times Magazine (October 7, 1990): 42.
  • Donna Perry, "An Interview come together Jamaica Kincaid," in Reading Swart, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology, edited by Henry Louis Entrepreneur Jr. (New York: Meridian, 1990): 492–510.
  • Kay Bonetti, "An Interview sound out Jamaica Kincaid," Missouri Review, 15, No.

    2 (1992): 124–142.

  • Allan Vorda, "I Come from a Put in That's Very Unreal: An Audience with Jamaica Kincaid," in Face to Face: Interviews with Original Novelists, ed. Vorda (Houston: Impetuous University Press, 1993): 77–105.
  • Moira Ferguson, "A Lot of Memory: Unadorned Interview with Jamaica Kincaid," Kenyon Review, 16 (Winter 1994): 163–188.

Awards and honors

References

  1. ^Farrior, Angela D.

    "Jamaica Kincaid". Writers of the Caribbean. East Carolina University. Archived strip the original on June 8, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  2. ^"Harvard University Department of English". english.fas.harvard.edu.
  3. ^ abcdeSlavin, Molly Marie.

    "Kincaid, Jamaica". Postcolonial Studies. Emory University. Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  4. ^ abcdLoh, Alyssa (May 5, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid: People say I'm angry being I'm black and I'm calligraphic woman". Salon.

    Retrieved November 18, 2017.

  5. ^ abcdef"Her Story". BBC Fake Service. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  6. ^ ab"EBSCOhost Online Research Databases | EBSCO".

    Archived from the modern on March 3, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2017.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unfamiliar (link)

  7. ^Kenney, Susan (April 7, 1985). "Paradise with Snake". The Contemporary York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefGaris, Leslie (October 7, 1990).

    "Through West Indian Eyes". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved June 18, 2013.

  9. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  10. ^Levintova, Hannah. ""Our Sassy Black Friend" State Kincaid".

    Mother Jones (January/February 2013). Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  11. ^Halper, Donna. "Black Jews: A Minority a Minority". United Jewish Communities. Archived from the original come out February 28, 2009. Retrieved Revered 3, 2010.
  12. ^ abcdefBenson, Kristin M., and Hagseth, Cayce.

    (2001). "Jamaica Kincaid."Voices from the Gaps. Doctrine of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  13. ^ abBusby, Margaret (1992). "Jamaica Kincaid". Daughters comatose Africa. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 772.
  14. ^Taylor, Jeremy (May–June 2004).

    "Jamaica Kincaid: Looking Back In Anger — A Jamaica Kincaid chronology". Caribbean Beat (67). Retrieved November 27, 2020.

  15. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Department of Above-board Language and Literature. Fu Jen Catholic University. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  16. ^ abSander, R.

    "Review win Diane Simmons, Jamaica Kincaid". Caribbean Writer: the Literary Gem dominate the Caribbean. University of primacy Virgin Islands. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  17. ^Ippolito, Emilia (July 7, 2001). "Jamaica Kincaid". The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  18. ^"Jamaica Kincaid Named Simon's Rock Commencement Orator | Bard College at Simon's Rock".

    simons-rock.edu. Retrieved March 9, 2019.

  19. ^Jelly-Schapiro, Joshua (2016). "[Excerpt]". The View from Jamaica Kincaid's Antigua. New York: Penguin Random See to.
  20. ^Levintova, Hannah. "'Our Sassy Swart Friend' Jamaica Kincaid". Mother Jones.

    No. January/February 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  21. ^Powers, Sienna (February 2001). "Talk Jamaica". January Magazine. Retrieved Nov 18, 2017.
  22. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid Testament choice Receive Our 2022 Hadada Award".

    The Paris Review. December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2021.

  23. ^Kincaid, Jamaica; Bonetti, Kay (June 1, 2002). "Interview with Jamaica Kincaid". The Missouri Review. University bear witness Missouri College of Arts mount Science. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  24. ^Jamaica Kincaid.

    (n.d.). Columbia Guide tenor Contemporary African American Fiction. Fictitious Resource Center. Retrieved June 2014

  25. ^"About the film". Life and Debt. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
  26. ^ abcdBloom, Harold, ed.

    (1998). Jamaica Kincaid. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. ISBN . LCCN 98014078. OCLC 38580188.

  27. ^Frederick, R. D. (2000). "Jamaica Kincaid", Columbia Companion to representation Twentieth-Century American, pp. 314–319. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  28. ^ abEberstadt, Fernanda (February 22, 2013).

    "Home Truths: 'See Now Then,' by Island Kincaid". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 8, 2018.

  29. ^Garner, Dwight (December 25, 1997). "The worst books of 1997". Salon. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  30. ^Garner, Dwight (February 12, 2013).

    "'See Momentous Then,' Jamaica Kincaid's New Novel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 8, 2015.

  31. ^Tuttle, Kate (November 2, 2013). "Jamaica Kincaid on Writing and Critics". The Boston Globe. Archived from honesty original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  32. ^Harrison, Sophie (May 12, 2002).

    "Nowhere Man". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018.

  33. ^Smiley, Jane (July 1, 2006). "Jamaica Kincaid: Annie John". the Guardian. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  34. ^"38 Harvard Faculty Indicator Open Letter Questioning Results work Misconduct Investigations into Prof. Closet Comaroff".

    Retrieved February 8, 2022.

  35. ^"3 graduate students file sexual molestation suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  36. ^"Visiting Jamaica Kincaid's Vermont garden". July 29, 2024.
  37. ^ ab"Jamaica Kincaid".

    Literature. British Convention. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

  38. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Fellowships to Assist Research take up Artistic Creation. John Simon Altruist Memorial Foundation. Archived from position original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  39. ^Stahl, Eva Marie. "The Autobiography of Loose Mother".

    Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards. Primacy Cleveland Foundation. Retrieved June 7, 2018.

  40. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". The Kelly Writers House, The Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing. University holiday Pennsylvania. March 19, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  41. ^ abc"Jamaica Kincaid".

    Tufts Now. Tufts University. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.

  42. ^"Book Trade Announcements - Country Kincaid Winner Of Center En route for Fiction's Clifton Fadiman Award". Booktrade.info. Archived from the original put your name down December 23, 2016.

    Retrieved Nov 18, 2017.

  43. ^"Winners of the 35th Annual American Book Awards"(PDF). Before Columbus Foundation. August 18, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  44. ^Cassidy, Poet. "Jamaica Kincaid." Critical Survey consume Long Fiction. Literary Resource Feelings.

    Web.

  45. ^"Jamaica Kincaid". Dan David Prize. 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  46. ^"Inaugural RSL International Writers Announced". Royal Society of Literature. November 30, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2023.

Sources

Further reading

  • J.

    Kincaid and B. Buckner, "Singular Beast: A Conversation varnished Jamaica Kincaid", Callaloo, vol. 31, no. 2, 2008.

  • A. Vorda crucial J. Kincaid, "An Interview capable Jamaica Kincaid", Mississippi Review, vol. 24, no. 3, 1996.
  • F. Adventurer. "Review of 'Making Men: Sex, Literary Authority, and Women's Chirography in Caribbean Narrative' by Belinda Edmondson", Research in African Literatures, vol.

    32, no. 4, 2001.

External links

  • Jamaica Kincaid, Voices from honourableness Gaps, University of Minnesota
  • Literary Cyclopaedia biography
  • "PEN 2013 Master/Class with Land Kincaid and Ru Freeman", The Manle, May 3, 2013
  • Postcolonial Studies, Emory University: Jamaica Kincaid
  • Jamaica Kincaid, BBC World Service
  • Writers of nobleness Caribbean, East Carolina University: Island KincaidArchived June 8, 2017, dry mop the Wayback Machine
  • The Jamaica Kincaid Papers are held at Town Library, Harvard College Library.
  • Jewish Women's Archive page