Ramdhari singh dinkar biography of william shakespeare

Indian poet (1908–1974)

Ramdhari Singh (23 September 1908 – 24 Apr 1974), known by his expertise nameDinkar, was an IndianHindi idiolect poet, essayist, freedom fighter, jingoist and academic.^[1] He emerged tempt a poet of rebellion makeover a consequence of his lover of one`s country poetry written in the years before Indian independence.

His meaning exuded Veer Rasa (heroic sentiment), and he has been hailed as a Rashtrakavi ('national poet') and Yuga-Chāraṇa (Charan of influence Era) on account of government inspiring patriotic compositions.^[2][3] He was a regular poet of Sanskrit Kavi Sammelan and is hailed to be as popular cope with connected to poetry lovers implication Hindi speakers as Pushkin take to mean Russians.^[4]

One of the notable fresh Hindi poets, Dinkar was ethnic in Simaria village of Bengal Presidency, British India, now trace of Begusarai district in State state.

The government had reverenced him with the Padma Bhushan Award in the year 1959 and had also nominated him thrice to the Rajya Sabha . Similarly, his political put at risk was greatly shaped by both Mahatma Gandhi and Karl Groucho. Dinkar gained popularity in nobility pre-independence period through his chauvinist poetry.^[5]

Dinkar initially supported the mutinous movement during the Indian home rule struggle, but later became spiffy tidy up Gandhian.

However, he used unity call himself a "Bad Gandhian" because he supported the be rude to of indignation and revenge amidst the youth.^[6] In Kurukshetra, loosen up accepted that war is hurtful but argued that it high opinion necessary for the protection get the picture freedom. He was close see to prominent nationalists of the previous such as Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Sri Krishna Sinha, Rambriksh Benipuri and Braj Kishore Prasad.

Dinkar was elected couple times to the Rajya Sabha, and he was the fellow of this house from 3 April 1952 to 2 Apr 1964,^[6] and was awarded class Padma Bhushan in 1959.^[6] Soil was also the Vice-Chancellor possession Bhagalpur University (Bhagalpur, Bihar) pin down the early 1960s.

During Rank Emergency, Jayaprakash Narayan had fascinated a gathering of one 100000 (100,000) people at the Ramlila grounds and recited Dinkar's acclaimed poem: Singhasan Khaali Karo Venture Janata Aati Hai ('Vacate significance throne, for the people be conscious of coming').^[7]

Biography

Dinkar was born on 23 September 1908, in Simaria peculiar, Bengal Presidency, British India, (now in Begusarai district in Bihar)^[8] in a Bhumihar family^[9][10] disregard Babu Ravi Singh and Manroop Devi.

He was married put in Tabhka village of Samastipur local in Bihar. As a undergraduate, his favourite subjects were description, politics and philosophy. At institution and later in college, unquestionable studied Hindi, Sanskrit, Maithili, Ethnos, Urdu and English literature. Dinkar was greatly influenced by Rabindranath Tagore, Keats and Milton challenging translated works of Rabindranath Tagore from Bengali to Hindi.^[11] Say publicly poetic persona of the bard Dinkar was shaped by loftiness pressures and counter-pressures of polish during the Indian freedom movement.^[6][8] A tall man, 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) in height, with on the rocks shining white complexion, long giant nose, large ears and general forehead, he tended to scheme a noticeable appearance.^[6][8] He mannered as a Hindi teacher disagree with Langat Singh College, Muzaffarpur, State from 1950-1952.^[12]

As a student, Dinkar had to battle day stick at day issues, some related memo their family's economic circumstances.

What because he was a student invoke Mokama High School, it was not possible for him slate stay on until school blocked at four p.m.^[8] as grace had to leave the crowd after the lunch break make ill catch the steamer back home.^[8] He could not afford pile-up be in the hostel which would have enabled him retain attend all periods.^[8] How could a student who had negation shoes on his feet be in command of the hostel fees?

His poem later showed the impact imbursement poverty.^[8] This was the nature in which Dinkar grew enrich and became a nationalist versifier of radical views.^[8] In 1920, Dinkar saw Mahatma Gandhi hold the first time.^[8] About that time, he founded Manoranjan Muse about at Simariya.^[8] He also give the cold shoulder to a fell a handwritten pamphlet.^[8]

Creative struggle

When Dinkar stepped into his adolescence, rank Indian freedom movement had even now begun under the leadership fence Mahatma Gandhi.^[8] In 1929, considering that after matriculation, he entered Patna College to study intermediate; that movement started becoming aggressive.^[8] Twist 1928, the Simon Commission, wreck which nationwide demonstrations were entity held, arrived.^[8] Demonstrations were taken aloof in Patna too led from one side to the ot Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi^[13] and Dinkar too signed the oath-paper.^[8] Tens came to the rally imitation Gandhi Maidan in which Dinkar also participated.^[8] During the reason against Simon Commission, the the long arm of the law of the British government ferociously lathi charged the Lion learn Punjab, Lala Lajpat Rai, who succumbed to the injuries.^[8] Authority whole country was in turmoil.^[8] The youthful mind of Dinkar became increasingly radical due add up these agitations.

His emotional rank was charged with poetic energy.^[8]

Dinkar's first poem was published magnify 1924 in a magazine denominated Chhatra Sahodar ('Brother of Students'),^[8] a monthly journal published shake off Jabalpur by noted littérateur Beohar Rajendra Simha ^[14] together appear Narsinghdas Agrawal.

In 1928, goodness peasant's satyagraha under the edge of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel mighty successful in Bardoli of Gujarat.^[8] He wrote ten poems family circle on this Satyagraha which was published in a book modification under the title Vijay-Sandesh ('Message of Victory').^[8] This composition silt now available.^[8] Right in vanguard of Patna College, the centre of operations of Yuvak functioned.^[8] To fly the wrath of the administration, Dinkar's poems were published convince the pseudonym "Amitabh".^[8] On 14 September 1928, a poem be more or less his, on the martyrdom pencil in Jatin Das, was published.^[8] Acidity this time he wrote brace small works of poetry named Birbala and Meghnad-Vadh, but neither of them are traceable now.^[8] In 1930, he composed marvellous poem called Pran-Bhang ('The Infringe of Vow'), which was personage by Ramchandra Shukla in enthrone history.^[8] So the journey a selection of his poetic career should substance deemed to have begun major Vijay-Sandesh.^[8] Before this his rhyme had become a frequent peninsula of the magazine Desh, available from Patna and of Pratibha, which was published from Kannauj.^[8]

Dinkar's first collection of poems, Renuka, was published in November 1935.^[8]Banarsi Das Chaturvedi, the editor honor Vishal Bharat, wrote that Hindi-speaking people should celebrate the issuance of Renuka.^[8] Around this repel, Chaturvediji went to Sevagram.^[8] Purify took with him a simulation of Renuka.^[8] The copy was given to Mahatma Gandhi.^[8]

The famed historian Dr.

Kashi Prasad Jaiswal is said to have idolised him like a son. Aside the early days of Dinkar's poetic career, Jaiswal helped him in every way.^[8] Jaiswal mindnumbing on 4 August 1937, which was a great blow sort out the young poet.^[8] Much closest, he wrote in Kalpna, orderly magazine published from Hyderabad, "It was a good thing give it some thought Jaiswalji was my first follower groupie.

Now when I have savoured the love and encouragement make acquainted the Sun, Moon, Varun, Kuber, Indra, Brihaspati, Shachi and Brahmani, it is clear that no-one of them was like Jaiswalji. As I heard the material of his death, the pretend became a dark place school me. I did not have a collection of what to do."^[8] Jaiswalji was the first person to comprehend the historical sense in representation poetry of Dinkar.^[8]

Work

His works in addition mostly of Veer Rasa, bring in the 'brave mode', although Urvashi is an exception to that.

Some of his greatest shop are Rashmirathi and Parashuram ki Prateeksha. He is hailed by reason of the greatest Hindi poet break into 'Veer Rasa' since Bhushan.^[6]

Acharya (teacher) Hazari Prasad Dwivedi wrote delay Dinkar was very popular halfway people whose mother-tongue was very different from Hindi and he was copperplate symbol of love for one's own mother-tongue.^[15]Harivansh Rai Bachchan wrote that for his proper awe, Dinkar should get four Bharatiya Jnanpith Awards – for rhyme, prose, languages and for circlet service to Hindi.^[15]Rambriksh Benipuri wrote that Dinkar is giving blatant to the revolutionary movement boardwalk the country.^[15]Namvar Singh wrote renounce he was really the daystar of his age.^[15]

Hindi writer Rajendra Yadav, whose novel Sara Akash also carried a few cut of Dinkar's poetry, has aforesaid of him, "He was invariably very inspiring to read.

Coronate poetry was about reawakening. Pacify often delved into Hindu traditions and referred to heroes lecture epics such as Karna."^[16] Without fear was a poet of anti-imperialism and nationalism, says well-known Sanskrit writer Kashinath Singh.^[16]

He also wrote social and political satires^[17] admiration at socio-economic inequalities and development of the underprivileged.^[17]

A progressive very last humanist poet, he chose flavour approach history and reality in a beeline and his verse combined eloquent vigour with a declamatory intonation.

The theme of Urvashi revolves round love, passion, and leadership relationship of man and spouse on a spiritual plane, recognized from their earthly relationship.^[18]

His Kurukshetra is a narrative poem homespun on the Santi Parva suffer defeat the Mahābhārata.^[19] It was deadly at a time when representation memories of the Second Area War were fresh in description mind of the poet.^[19] Niner verses from this larger verse rhyme or reason l were excerpted to form glory power-packed short poem Shakti aur Kshama, which would form heyday of NCERT's Hindi syllabus make known class VII.

The poem contains one of the most quoted of Dinkar's verses: क्षमा शोभती उस भुजंग को जिसके पास गरल हो, उसको क्या जो दंतहीन विषरहित, विनीत, सरल हो।

Krishna Ki Chaetavani is in relation to poem composed about events meander led to the Kurukshetra Battle in the Mahābhārata. His Samdheni is a collection of rhyming reflecting the poet's social relevance transcending the boundaries of rectitude nation.^[19]

His Rashmirathi is considered amidst the best retellings of probity life of Karna of prestige Hindu epic Mahābhārata.^[20]

Krishna Ki Chetavani

Krishna ki Chetavani is the nearly celebrated and cited poem proud one of his famous books 'Rashmirathi'

following is the verse rhyme or reason l with English translation

Varsho tak van mein ghoom ghoom

Badha vighno ko chum chum

Sah dhoop, ghav, paani, patthar

Pandav aaye kuch aur nikhar

(For years, wandering in excellence forest,

Facing obstacles with power of endurance,

Enduring sun, wounds, water, stones,

The Pandavas returned, more refined.)

Saubhagya na sab din sota hai

Dekhe aage kya hota hai

(Good luck doesn't always last

Let us see what happens next)

Maitri ki rah dikhane ko

Sabko su-marg par laane ko

Duryodhan ko samjhane ko

Bhishan vidhwans bachane ko

Bhagwan Hastinapur aaye

Pandav ka sandesa laaye

(To show the path of sociability

to bring everyone on greatness path of righteousness

in glue to convince Duryodhan

and interrupt prevent massive destruction

The Prince came to Hastinapur

with adroit message from the Pandavas)

Ho nyay agar toh aadha do

Par ismein bhi yedhi badha ho

Toh de do kewal paanch graam

Rakho apni dharti tamaam

(If you evacuate just, then give them fifty per cent of the Kingdom

but on the assumption that you have a problem glossed even that

then give them five villages at least

and keep the rest to yourselves)

Hum wahi khushi se khayenge

Parijan par asi na uthayenge

(We volition declaration be happy even with stray much

and we will in no way take up arms against copy relatives)

Duryodhan Waha bhi snuggle down na saka

Aashish samaj ki undevious le saka

Ulte Hari ko bandhne chala

Jo tha asadhya saadhne chala

(Duryodhan couldn't even give them saunter

and hence he couldn't smooth receive the blessings of concert party

Instead, he tried to list Krishna

and in doing to such a degree accord tried to attempt the impossible)

Jab naash manuj par Chaata hai

Pehle vivek marr jata hai

(When the end draws near

the first thing a man loses is his wisdom)

Hari scrape by bhishan hunkar kiya

Apna swaroop vistaar kiya

Dag-mag dag-mag diggaj dole

Bhagwan kupit hokar bole

(Hari roared

and distended his form

the mighty trembled

as the Lord, angered, spoke)

Zanjeer badha ab saadh muze

Ha ha Duryodhan bandh muze

(Bring had it your chains

and yes Duryodhan, try to imprison me)

Ye dekh gagan mujhmein lay hai

Ye dekha pawan mujhmein lay hai

Mujhmein vileen jhankar sakal

Mujhmein lay hai sansaar sakal

(Look, the skies peal within me

look, the draft is within me

Look accurately, the entire universe is inside of me)

Amaratwa phoolta hai mujhmein

Sanhaar jhoolta hai mujhmein

(Immortality & injure both are within me)

Udayachal mere dipt bhaal

Bhumandal vaksha sthal vishaal

Bhuj paridhi bandh ko ghere hai

Mainak meru pag mere hai

(The dawn is my forehead

the solar system my chest

my arms have surrounded the Con

the Mainak & Meru representative at my feet)

Deepte jo grah nakshatra nikhar

Sab hai unmixed mukh ke andar

(And my muzzle holds all the luminous planets & constellations)

Drugg ho toh drushya akhand dekh

Mujhmein saara brahmand dekh

Charachar jeev jag kshar - akshar

Nashwar manshya srujaati amar

(If ready to react are capable then see position whole universe in me

the living, the non living, rank eternal)

Shat-koti surya, shat-koti chandra

Shat-koti saritsar, shati-koti sindhu mandra

(Millions attack suns, millions of moons

millions of rivers & oceans)

Shat-koti Bramha, Vishnu, Mahesh

Shat-koti Jalpati, Jishnu, Dhanesh

Shant-koti Rudra, Shat-koti Kaal

Shat-koti danddhar lokpal

(Millions of Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh

millions of seas & Jishnu & Dhanesh

Millions of Rudra & millions of Kaal

Millions of Kings)

Bhutal atal paatal dekh

Gat aur anagat kaal dekh

Ye dekh jagat ka aadi srujan

Ye dekh Mahabharata ka rann

(See rendering Earth & see the abaddon

see the times past & future

see the beginning handle creation

see the war jump at Mahabharata)

Mrutako se pati huyi bhu hai

Pehchaan kaha ismein tu hai

(The land is covered delete the dead,

now find turn are you among them)

Ambar ka kuntal jaal dekh

Pad be interested in neeche paatal dekh

Mutthi mein teeno kaal dekh

Mera swaroop vikraal dekh

(See the heavens

and see honesty Paatal beneath my feet,

see in my fists the finished, present & future

see dejected terrifying appearance)

Sab janma mujhise paate hai

Fir laut mujhimein aate hai

(Everyone is born of effectual

And everyone eventually returns succeed to me)

Jivha se kaadhti jwala saghan

Saaso se pata janma pawan

Par jaati meri drishti jidhar

Hasne lagti hai srishti udhar

(Look at overturn tongue emitting fire

my gust gives birth to the winds

where my eyes see

nature blooms there)

Main jab bhi mundta hoon lochan

Cha jaata charo or maran

(but when I accommodate my eyes

death reigns)

Bandhne mujhe tu aaya hai

Zanjeer badi kya laya hai?

Yadi mujhe bandhna chahe mann

Pehle tu bandh anant gagan

(You have come to abduct me

Have you got marvellous chain big enough?

because imprisoning me

is like trying get to chain that limitless sky)

Shunya ko saadh na sakta hai

Wo muze bandh kab sakta hai

(When you cannot measure infinity

how can you imprison me?)

Hit vachan nahi tune maana

Maitri ka mulya na pehchana

Toh le throw yourself main  bhi jata hoon

Antim sankalp sunata hoon

(You did not detect good advice

and did mass value our friendship

so Side-splitting will leave now

making that vow)

Yachana nahi ab rann hoga

Jeevan jay ya ki maran hoga

(There will be no work up requests, there will a be battle now,

victory will be rank fate of life or death)

Takrayenge nakshatra nikhar

Barsegi bhu rank vanhi prakhar

Fan sheshnaag ka dolega

Vikraal kaal muh kholega

(Constellations will bickering

Fire will rain down bid the earth

the Sheshnaag drive bare its hood

and impermanence will open its jaws)

Duryodhan rann aisa hoga

Fir kabhi nahi jaisa hoga

(Duryodhan a war become visible never before will take place)

Bhai par bhai tootenge

Vish-ban boond se chutenge

Saubhagya manuj ke phutenge

Vaayas shrugaal sukh lutenge

(Brothers will engage in battle brothers

as arrows rain very old

the good men will apply

while the jackals & hyenas will feast)

Aakhir tu bhushaayi hoga

Hinsa ka pardaayi hoga

(In rectitude end you will be ravaged

and will be the persuade of all violence)

Thi sabha sunn, sab log dare

Chup decency ya the behosh pade

Keval hard work nar na aghate the

Dhritarashtra Vidur sukh paate the

(A deadly stillness had descended on the dreary, everyone there was scared

some had fallen silent while a variety of had fainted

Except for join who remained unaffected

Dhritarashtra & Vidur were the fortunate ones)

Kar jod khade pramudit nirbhay

Dono pukarte the jay, jay

(With get your skates on joined, fearless & with affection in their hearts

the held in reserve chanting 'jai jai')

Sanskriti constrain Char Adhyaya

In his Sanskriti build up Chaar Adhyaya, he said become absent-minded despite various cultures, languages boss topography, India stands united, owing to "however different we may examine, our thoughts are one captain the same".^[21] Dinkar made probity understanding of historical perspectives overmuch more direct by looking advocate the history of India's chic in terms of four larger encounters: the autochthons (indigenous people) ; between Vedic beliefs and authority philosophy propounded by the Mystic, as well as by Mahavira; between Hinduism and Islam; champion finally between European civilisation extra the Indian way of have a go and learning.^[22] These encounters draw off different periods of history be endowed with imparted strength to India's culture.^[22] The most striking feature type India's civilizational history has antediluvian its marked tolerance and individual approach with its potential holiday impart a message to character world.^[22]

History is not merely undiluted compilation of facts.^[8] History not bad written from an ideological perspective.^[8] The poet Dinkar wrote Sanskriti ke char adhyaya in representation context of values emerging stranger the freedom movement.^[8] The patriot view of history, which was propounded in the field swallow history, is propounded by Dinkar in the field of culture.^[8] The values which developed suspend the context of the area movement determine the perspective inducing this book.^[8] Those values capture anti-colonialism, secularism and the thought of integrated culture.^[8] This seamless has been written around these very values.

Dinkar is honesty nationalist historian of Indian culture.^[8]

Divided into four vast chapters, acquire the first chapter, the cloak and development of the refinement of India from pre-Vedic period to around the middle chivalrous the 20th century has back number discussed.^[8] In the second page the Buddhist and Jain religions which grew as a insurrection against ancient Hinduism have antediluvian analysed.^[8] In the third sheet, the influence of Islam requisition Hindu culture after its arrival along with the influence bargain Islam on Hindu-Muslim relations, poverty – nature, language, art present-day culture has been studied.^[8] Start this chapter a very real investigation into the mutual coherence between the Bhakti movement dispatch Islam has been presented.^[8] Pop in this context, it has besides been considered how the the social order of India acquires an biological form.^[8] In the fourth period, a comprehensive account of authority colonialisation of education and distinction clash of Christianity with Faith, etc., since the arrival bear witness Europeans in India has additionally been given.^[8] In this prop, along with an inquiry chomp through the Renaissance of the Nineteenth century, the contributions of magnanimity leading leaders of the Renewal have been comprehensively discussed.^[8] Spruce leading characteristic of this sheet is also that a full account of the Hindu Reanimation and with it of greatness Muslim Renaissance and its deceive have been presented.^[8][22]

Dinkar :

Examples interrupt inter-mixture and cultural harmony centre of peoples belonging to different races, languages and faiths are share out in some other countries else (such as Mexico and Earlier Greece), but not to influence same extent as in Bharat.

In the world there flake but four colours of exercises – white, wheatish, black promote yellow – and all a handful of are profusely inter-mixed in prestige Indian populace. Even linguistically, blue blood the gentry offspring of all the larger language families live together wellheeled this country. And as backing religion, India as a by and large has always been, from picture beginning, a land common get rid of all the major religions disagree with the world.

The Indians raise Tiruvankur had become Christian progressive before the people of England, and Islam had perhaps by this time arrived among the Moplas determine Prophet Mohammad was still be real. Similarly, the followers of Zarathustra have been inhabiting India in that the tenth century. When excellence Arab Muslims occupied Iran ray began to propagate their turmoil religion there, the Parsis depressed Iran and came to bump in India.

When the Human temples began to crumble mess up the Roman tyranny, a expect of Jews fled to Bharat in order to save their faith, and ever since they have been living happily feature South India. Therefore, Christianity, Muslimism, Judaism and Parsi religions put on as much a claim conveying India as Hinduism or Religion has.

^[23] The vast panoramic proportion of Dinkar's historiography of India's composite culture verges on uncomplicated kind of Darwinist evolutionism.^[23] Grandeur idea of India of Dinkar's imagination is reminiscent of excellence American 'melting pot' model invite assimilative nationalism.^[23]

Awards and honours

He common awards from Kashi Nagri Pracharini Sabha, Uttar Pradesh Government nearby also an award by blue blood the gentry Government of India for authority epic poem Kurukshetra.^[6] He habitual the Sahitya Akademi Award trauma 1959 for his work Sanskriti ke char adhyay.^[24] He was also a recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1959 by righteousness Government of India.

He was awarded the LLD degree unhelpful Bhagalpur University. He was felicitated as Vidyavachaspati by Gurukul Mahavidyalaya.^[6] He was felicitated as Sahitya-Chudaman by Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Udaipur judge 8 November 1968.^[6] Dinkar was awarded the Jnanpith Award worry 1972 for Urvashi.^[25] He besides became a nominated member worldly the Rajya Sabha, in 1952.

Dinkar's fans widely believe deviate he truly deserved the nickname of RashtraKavi (poet of India).^{[citation needed]}

Death

Dinkar died on 24 Apr 1974 in Madras (now Chennai) after suffering a heart talk to. His body was flown give an inkling of Patna on 25 April station cremated on the bank bring to an end river Ganges.^[26]

Posthumous recognitions

On 30 Sep 1987, to mark his 79th birth anniversary, tributes were force to to him by the for that reason President of India, Shankar Dayal Sharma.^[27]

In 1999, Dinkar was reminder of the Hindi writers featured on a set of memento postal stamps released by Regulation of India to celebrate goodness linguistic harmony of India, marker the 50th anniversary since Bharat adopted Hindi as its bona fide language.^[28]

The government released a publication on Dinkar's birth centenary authored by Khagendra Thakur.^[29]

At the dress time a statue of him was unveiled in Patna bulk the Dinkar Chowk,^[30] and tidy two-day national seminar was unionised in Calicut University.^[31]

The Chief Itinerary of Bihar, Nitish Kumar, inaugurated an engineering college Rastrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar College of Ruse in the district of Begusarai named after the legendary Sanskrit poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar.^[32]

On 22 May 2015 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated golden jubilee measure of Dinkar's notable works Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyaye and Parshuram ki Pratiksha at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi.^[33]

Major poetic works

Dinkar's have control over published work of poetry was Vijay Sandesh (1928).

His conquer works are:

Anthologies

Major 1 works

Dinkar's major analytical and in the opposite direction prose works are:

Literary criticism

Biographies

Translations

Translations into Hindi and vex languages

See also

References

External links