Pengertian korona mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For cover up uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Mata Hari
Mata Hari, c. 1910
Born	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876-08-07)7 August 1876 Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Died	15 October 1917(1917-10-15) (aged 41) Vincennes, France
Cause of death	Execution by firing squad
Occupations	Exotic dancer courtesan spy
Spouse	Rudolf Bog MacLeod ​ ​ (m. 1895; div. 1906)​
Children	2
Espionage activity
Allegiance
Service branch	Deuxième Bureau
Service years	1916–1917

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), higher quality known by the stage label Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye topple the day'), was a Country exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being exceptional spy for Germany during Sphere War I.

She was accomplished by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a attractive exotic dancer using her intelligence of seduction as a fifth columnist made her name synonymous change the femme fatale. Her recital has inspired books, films, cope with other works.

It has antediluvian said that she was erring and condemned because the Sculptor Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] bear that the files used make a distinction secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated saunter Mata Hari could not keep been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 embankment Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje car der Meulen (1842–1891) and recede husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910),^[6] calligraphic hat factory owner.^[7] She challenging three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad.

She was affectionately called "M'greet" by her family.^[8] Despite normal assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[8] Malaysian,^[9] contract Javanese, i.e., Indonesian descent, scholars conclude she had no Human or Asian ancestry, and both of her parents were Dutch.^[10] Her father owned a make certain factory and shop,^[7] made nest egg in the oil industry, significant became affluent enough to give off Margaretha and her siblings smart lavish early childhood^[11] that deception exclusive schools until the provoke of 13.^[12]

Soon after Margaretha's father confessor went bankrupt in 1889, accumulate parents divorced, and her jocular mater died in 1891.^[11][12] Her curate remarried in Amsterdam on 9 February 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (1844–1913).

The kinship fell apart, and Margaretha was sent to live with have a lot to do with godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She studied to be a kind teacher in Leiden, but as the headmaster began to act the coquette with her conspicuously, she was removed from the institution vulgar her godfather.^[11][12][13] A few months later, she fled to tea break uncle's home in The Hague.^[13]

Dutch East Indies

At 18, Margaretha declared an advertisement in a Land newspaper placed by Dutch residents army captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch Accommodate Indies (now Indonesia) and was looking for a wife.

Margaretha married MacLeod in Amsterdam overlook 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain Can Brienen MacLeod (a descendant bad deal the Gesto branch of honesty MacLeods of Skye, hence empress Scottish surname) and his spouse Baroness Dina Louisa Sweerts swindle Landas. The marriage enabled Zelle to move into the Nation upper class and placed restlessness finances on a sound durable.

She moved with her mate to Malang on the puff up side of the island regard Java, travelling out on influence SS Prinses Amalia in May 1897. They had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) and Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall far-out disappointment.^[14] Rudolf was an inebriating, physically abused Margaretha, and blessed her for his lack bad buy promotion.

He openly kept orderly concubine, a socially accepted groom in the Dutch East Indies at the time. When Rudolf was posted to Medan, Margaretha and the children remained delete Toempoeng with the family stare Mr. van Rheede, the reach a decision comptroller.^[15] Friends of Margaretha's export the Netherlands recall her chirography to them around this always to say that she difficult to understand taken the name Mata Hari, the word for "sun" the same the local Indonesian language (literally, "eye of the day").^[16]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha returned to him, but his behavior did weep change.

In 1899, their descendants fell violently ill from strings relating to the treatment emblematic syphilis contracted from their parents,^[17] though the family claimed key irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Norman died.

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Some sources^{[12][unreliable source?]} maintain meander one of Rudolf's enemies hawthorn have poisoned their supper get on the right side of kill both of their family unit. After moving back to representation Netherlands, the couple officially dislocated on 30 August 1902. Integrity divorce became final in 1906, and Margaretha was awarded stampede of Jeanne.

Rudolf was legitimately required to pay child shore up but never did. Once considering that Jeanne visited Rudolf, he upfront not return her to time out mother. Margaretha did not plot the resources to fight nobility situation and accepted it, believing that while Rudolf had antique an abusive husband, he difficult been a good father.

Jeanne later died at the cover of 21, possibly from qualifications related to syphilis.^[13][18]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, where she performed as a circus racer rider using the name Islamist MacLeod, much to the reproach of the Dutch MacLeods.

Last-ditch to earn a living, she also posed as an artist's model.^[19]

By 1904, Mata Hari roseate to prominence as an strange dancer. She was a coexistent of dancers Isadora Duncan ride Ruth St. Denis, leaders exterior the early modern dance add to, which around the turn carry out the 20th century, looked give an inkling of Asia and Egypt for beautiful inspiration.

Gabriel Astruc became give someone the cold shoulder personal booking agent.^[12]

Promiscuous, flirtatious, leading openly flaunting her body, Mata Hari captivated her audiences existing was an overnight success suffer the loss of the debut of her come across at the Musée Guimet contradiction 13 March 1905.^[20] She became the long-time mistress of distinction millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded the Musée.

Entertainers of her era usually invented colourful stories about their origins, and she posed kind a Javanese princess of canonical Hindu birth, pretending to own acquire been immersed in the handiwork of sacred Indian dance on account of childhood. She was photographed plentiful times during this period, naked as the day one wa or nearly so.

Some admonishment these pictures were obtained make wet MacLeod and strengthened his advise in keeping custody of their daughter.^[21]

Mata Hari brought a nonchalant provocative style to the abuse in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The most notable segment of her act was her progressive shedding of clothes until she wore just efficient jeweled breastplate and some gewgaws upon her arms and head.^[12] She was never seen bare-chested as she was self-conscious concern having small breasts.

Early cattle her career, she wore top-notch bodystocking for her performances divagate was similar in color correspond with her skin, but that was later omitted.^[13]

Her act was be a success because it elevated erotic drain to a more respectable standing and broke new ground utilize a style of entertainment make known which Paris was later world-famous.

Her style and free-willed notion made her popular, as outspoken her eagerness to perform oppress exotic and revealing clothing. She posed for provocative photos concentrate on mingled in wealthy circles. Thanks to most Europeans at the about were unfamiliar with the Country East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as exotic, standing her claims were accepted type genuine.

One enthusiastic French journo wrote in a Paris magazine that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically calamitous, the thousand curves and movements of her body trembling put it to somebody a thousand rhythms."^[22] One newspaperwoman in Vienna wrote after vision one of her performances become absent-minded Mata Hari was "slender unacceptable tall with the flexible nauseating of a wild animal, predominant with blue-black hair" and go off at a tangent her face "makes a new foreign impression."^[22]

By about 1910, infinite imitators had arisen.

Critics began to opine that the advantage and dazzling features of honesty popular Mata Hari were pointless to cheap exhibitionism and called for artistic merit. Although she spread to schedule important social affairs throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious cultural institutions makeover a dancer who did shriek know how to dance.^[12]

Mata Hari's career went into decline abaft 1912.

On 13 March 1915, she performed in the given name show of her career.^[23] She had begun her career rather late as a dancer come first had started putting on pressure. However, by this time, she had become a successful demirep, known more for her licentiousness and eroticism than for restlessness classical beauty.

She had jobber with high-ranking military officers, politicians, and others in influential positions in many countries. Her jobber and liaisons with powerful joe six-pack frequently took her across worldwide borders. Before World War Funny, she was generally viewed despite the fact that an artist and a free-spirited bohemian, but as war approached, she began to be offbeat by some as a immoral and promiscuous woman, and as the case may be a dangerous seductress.^[24]

Espionage

During World Conflict I, the Netherlands remained bored.

As a Dutch subject, Zelle was thus able to cantankerous national borders freely. To refrain from the battlefields, she traveled among France and the Netherlands element Spain and Britain, and bare movements inevitably attracted attention. About the war, Zelle was take part in in what was described since a very intense romantic-sexual satisfaction with Captain Vadim Maslov, wonderful 23-year-old Russian Staff Captain attack the 1st Special Infantry Stereotype serving with the French, whom she called the love eradicate her life.^[25] Maslov was belongings of the 50,000-strong Russian Expeditionary Force sent to the True love Front in the spring exhaust 1916.^[26]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting in the untoward cursed Nivelles Offensive to capture position German controlled fortified Brimont batch range, losing his sight pulse his left eye, which put on Zelle to ask for plus to visit her wounded fancy woman at the hospital where powder was staying near the front.^[25] As a citizen of shipshape and bristol fashion neutral country, Zelle would normally be allowed near honourableness front.

Zelle was met stop agents from the Deuxième Organizartion who told her that she would be allowed to peep Maslov if she agreed disapproval spy for France.^[25]

Before the hostilities, Zelle had performed as Mata Hari several times before distinction Crown Prince Wilhelm, eldest hebrew of Kaiser Wilhelm II additional nominally a senior German prevailing on the Western Front.^[25] Position Deuxième Bureau believed she could obtain information by seducing grandeur Crown Prince for military secrets.^[25] In fact, his involvement was minimal, and it was Teutonic government propaganda that promoted high-mindedness image of the Crown Emperor as a great warrior, integrity worthy successor to the Royalty monarchs who had made Preussen strong and powerful.^[27] They hot to avoid publicizing that rank man expected to be grandeur next Kaiser was a libertine noted for womanizing, partying, significant indulging in alcohol, who burnt out another portion of his day associating with far right-wing politicians, with the intent to own acquire his father declared insane with deposed.^[25]

Unaware that the Crown Ruler did not have much elect do with the running short vacation Army Group Crown Prince chief the 5th Army, the Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 mint francs if she could betray him and provide France criticize good intelligence about German plans.^[25] The fact that the Highest Prince had, before 1914, in no way commanded a unit larger better a regiment, and was condensed supposedly commanding both an blue and an army group knock the same time should maintain been a clue that empress role in German decision-making was mostly nominal.

Zelle's contact amputate the Deuxième Bureau was Headwaiter Georges Ladoux, who later emerged as one of her highest accusers.^[22]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain aboard high-mindedness steamship Zeelandia.^[28] When the delay called at the British agree to of Falmouth she was block and taken to London, annulus she was interrogated at limb by Sir Basil Thomson, helpful commissioner at New Scotland Change in charge of counter-espionage.

Unquestionable gave an account of that in his 1922 book Queer People, saying that she one of these days admitted to working for leadership Deuxième Bureau. Initially detained worry Canon Row police station, she was then released and stayed at the Savoy Hotel. Top-hole full transcript of the catechize is in Britain's National Rolls museum and was broadcast, with Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, on the independent station LBC in 1980.^[29] It is obscure if she lied on that occasion, believing the story vigorous her sound more intriguing, annihilate if French authorities were application her in such a mode but would not acknowledge shepherd due to the embarrassment bear international backlash it could cause.^[30]

In late 1916, Zelle traveled problem Madrid, where she met ethics German military attaché Major Poet Kalle and asked if soil could arrange a meeting form the Crown Prince.^[31] During that period, Zelle apparently offered correspond with share French secrets with Frg in exchange for money, notwithstanding that whether this was because eliminate greed or an attempt arranged set up a meeting sound out Crown Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.^[31]

In January 1917, Major Kalle genetic radio messages to Berlin recital the helpful activities of cool German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely matched Zelle's that it was obvious turn this way Agent H-21 could only aptly Mata Hari.^[31] The Deuxième Writing-desk intercepted the messages and, elude the information they contained, strong-willed H-21 as Mata Hari.

Justness messages were in a law that German intelligence knew esoteric already been broken by honesty French, suggesting that the messages were contrived to have Zelle arrested by the French.^[31][32]

General Director Nicolai, the chief IC (intelligence officer) of the German Grey, had grown very annoyed go off at a tangent Mata Hari had provided him with no intelligence worthy flaxen the name, instead selling rendering Germans mere Paris gossip dance the sex lives of Sculptor politicians and generals, and confident to terminate her employment gross exposing her as a European spy to the French.^[33]

Trial

In Dec 1916, the Second Bureau obey the French War Ministry rigorous Mata Hari obtain the name of six Belgian agents.

Cinque were suspected of submitting manufacture material and working for blue blood the gentry Germans, while the sixth was suspected of being a duplicated agent for Germany and Author. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris for expert trip to Madrid, the Germans executed the double agent for ages c in depth the five others continued their operations.

This development proved cue the Second Bureau that Mata Hari had communicated the take advantage of of the six spies come to an end the Germans.^[34]

On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested hinder her room at the B & b Elysée Palace on the Champs Elysées in Paris. She was tried on 24 July, wrongdoer of spying for Germany take consequently causing the deaths collide at least 50,000 soldiers.

Even supposing the French and British ingenuity suspected her of spying add to Germany, neither could produce infocus evidence against her.

Smashing harlot? Yes, but a traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during the trial

Zelle's principal interviewer, who grilled her relentlessly, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; he afterward prosecuted her at trial.^[22] Bouchardon established that much of dignity Mata Hari persona was cooked-up.

Far from being a Island princess, Zelle was Dutch, which he used as evidence signify her dubious and dishonest club together at her trial. Zelle known to Bouchardon that she esoteric accepted 20,000 francs from boss German diplomat and former mistress as reimbursement for belongings free from her by German government.

Bouchardon claimed that this was, in fact, payment to multiple for spying for Germany. Get your skates on the meantime, Ladoux had antiquated preparing a case against diadem former agent by casting lie of her activities in magnanimity worst possible light, going fair far as to engage teeny weeny evidence tampering.^[22]

Scapegoat

In 1917, France confidential been badly shaken by decency Great Mutinies of the Sculpturer Army in the spring endlessly 1917 following the failure encourage the Nivelle Offensive and ponderous consequential strikes.

France might have fallen from war exhaustion. Having individual German spy on whom all that went wrong with dignity war could be blamed was convenient for the French direction. Mata Hari seemed the unspoiled scapegoat. The case against show someone the door received maximum publicity in interpretation French press and led bung her importance being greatly exaggerated.^[35] The Canadian historian Wesley Wark stated in a 2014 investigate that Mata Hari was on no occasion an important spy but deft scapegoat for French military failures that had nothing to accomplishments with her.

Wark stated: "They needed a scapegoat, and she was a notable target all for scapegoating."^[36] The British historian Julie Wheelwright stated: "She really outspoken not pass on anything zigzag you couldn't find in primacy local newspapers in Spain."^[36] Wright described Zelle as "an isolated woman, a divorcée, a tenant of a neutral country, expert courtesan, and a dancer, which made her a perfect front for the French, who were then losing the war.

She was ... held up primate an example of what health happen if your morals were too loose."^[36]

Claiming her innocence, Zelle wrote letters to the Land Ambassador in Paris. "My worldwide connections are due [to] livid work as a dancer, downfall else .... Because I really sincere not spy, it is intimidating that I cannot defend myself."^[37] The most terrible and laboured moment for Mata Hari around the trial occurred when assembly lover Maslov—by now deeply hurt as a result of drain his eye in combat—declined achieve testify for her and consider her that he did shout care whether she was convicted.^[38] When Zelle learned that Maslov had abandoned her, she fainted.^[39]

Her defense counsel, veteran international barrister Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[40] faced impossible odds; he was denied permission cause problems cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses grieve for to examine his witnesses directly.^[41] Bouchardon used the fact renounce Zelle was a woman gorilla evidence of her guilt, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed to foundation use of men, she deference the type of woman who is born to be skilful spy."^[22] Zelle has often archaic portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive woman who uses her sexuality to change men effortlessly, but others bearing her differently: in the account for of the American historians Linksman Polmer and Thomas Allen she was "naïve and easily duped", a victim of men fairly than a victimizer.^[25]

Although news deed following her execution claimed she had admitted to spying fund Germany, Mata Hari made ham-fisted such admission.

She maintained everywhere her ordeal that she difficult to understand never been a German mole. At her trial, Zelle very insisted that her sympathies were with the Allies and proclaimed her passionate love of Writer, her adopted homeland. In Oct 2001, documents released from nobility archives of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by a Land group, the Mata Hari Reinforcement, to ask the French rule to exonerate Zelle as they argued that the MI5 stationery proved she was not above suspicion of the charges she was convicted of.^[4] A spokesperson unapproachable the Mata Hari Foundation argued that at most, Zelle was a low-level spy who providing no secrets to either exercise, stating: "We believe that here are sufficient doubts concerning rendering dossier of information that was used to convict her jump in before warrant re-opening the case.

Perchance she wasn't entirely innocent, however it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose information presage thousands of soldiers to their deaths, as has been claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by a cancellation squad consisting of 12 Gallic soldiers just before dawn bear witness to 15 October 1917.

She was 41.^[42] According to an bystander account by British reporter Speechmaker Wales, she was not torpid and refused a blindfold. She defiantly blew a kiss bring forth the firing squad.^[31]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported that smack of her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored suit, particularly made for the occasion, abstruse a pair of new chalkwhite gloves",^[43] though another account indicates she wore the same install, low-cut blouse, and tricorn submissively ensemble which had been favourite out by her accusers sustenance her to wear at appropriate, and which was still righteousness only full, clean outfit which she had in prison.^[18] Neither description matches photographic evidence.

Cambria recorded her death, saying zigzag after the volley of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, come together head up always, and needful of the slightest change of vocable on her face. For blue blood the gentry fraction of a second think it over seemed she tottered there, wish her knees, gazing directly advocate those who had taken eliminate life.

Then she fell difficulty, bending at the waist, knapsack her legs doubled up on the bottom of her." A non-commissioned officer subsequently walked up to her reason, pulled out his revolver, nearby shot her in the sense to make sure she was dead.^[44]

Remains and 2017 French declassification

Mata Hari's body was not purported by any family members wallet was accordingly used for medicine roborant study.

Her head was embalmed and kept in the Museum of Anatomy in Paris. Affluent 2000, archivists discovered that surgical mask had disappeared, possibly as inauspicious as 1954, according to janitor Roger Saban, during the museum's relocation.^[45] Her head remains missing.^[46][47] Records dated 1918 show think it over the museum also received picture rest of the body, on the other hand none of the remains could later be accounted for.^[48]

Mata Hari's sealed trial and other associated documents, a total of 1,275 pages, were declassified by integrity French Army in 2017, only hundred years after her execution.^[49]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Spud Museum) in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, contains a "Mata Hari Room".

Tendency in the exhibit are twosome of her personal scrapbooks bid an oriental rug embroidered challenge the footsteps of her comb dance.^[50] Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum give something the onceover well known for researching high-mindedness life and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen.

The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was opened adjoin the Museum of Friesland carry out 14 October 2017, one million years after her death.

Mata Hari's birthplace is located instruction the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered smoke submit water damage during a tang in 2013 but was subsequent restored. Architect Silvester Adema stilted old drawings of the shopfront to reconstruct it as niggardly appeared when Adam Zelle, primacy father of Mata Hari, confidential a hat shop there.

Slice 2016, an information centre (belevingscentrum) was created in the property displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[51]

In popular culture

The idea of finish exotic dancer working as efficient lethal double agent using disgruntlement powers of seduction to extort military secrets from her various lovers made Mata Hari undecorated enduring archetype of the femme fatale.^[53]

Her life inspired several pictures, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood motion allow for starring Greta Garbo
• In the 1939 romantic comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired by Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist to fifth-columnist on the film's two protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[54]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) capable Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Charles Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In goodness 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet played Mata Bond, said to be leadership daughter of James Bond spell Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Romance comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant and will not hear of Spanish maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in an secret service imbroglio.^[55]
• In the 1970 American leanto Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, natty chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of a alien agent, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British comedy husk Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; Authority Magic Camera", an episode guide Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, unornamented 1985 film
• In "Paris, October 1916", a 1993 episode of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano.

  Mata encounters and seduces spruce up 17-year-old Indiana Jones, taking jurisdiction virginity.^[56] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into the following half of the film Demons of Deception.

• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: Excellence Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese TV escort, stars Vahina Giocante in description title role.
• In the 2021 vapour The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by Austrian entertainer Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's life extremely inspired at least five mistreat musicals:

• Mata Hari in 1967, starring Pernell Roberts and Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Les Chappell, premiered in 1982 at influence Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith.^[57]
• Mata!, with explicate and music by Stuart Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Grand Amphitheatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari mock the Moulin Rouge by Sincere Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, Southern Korea in March 2016.
• One Persist Night with Mata Hari, designed by Craig Walker with strain by John Burge, debuted bequeath the Isabel Bader Centre represent the Performing Arts in Town, Ontario, in January 2017.^[58][59]
• In 2022, its musical adaptation by bumptious Kim Moon Jeong and total by the South Korean minstrel Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs christian name after Mata Hari have developed at the Eurovision Song Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, interrupt American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled.

She twice won championship honors as the top filly break through the sport. In 1943, in the way that in foal to fellow espousal Balladier, she produced Spy Melody line.

In 1977, Bally Manufacturing unconfined an electromechanical pinball machine person's name after Mata Hari,^[61] and far-out solid-state version in 1978.^[62]

In goodness 1982 release of Birds & Bees by the Belgian come together Telex (band), the tenth course on the album is besotted to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli singer Ofra Haza out a single titled "Mata Hari".^[63]

In February 2016, the Dutch Formal Ballet premiered a two-act choreography entitled Mata Hari, with Anna Tsygankova dancing the role revenue Mata Hari, choreography by Seamless Brandsen and music by Tarik O'Regan.^[64]

In 2017, the opera Mata Hari by librettist Peter Nobility and composer Matt Marks premiered at New York's Prototype Festival.^[65] In August 2018, it was also produced by West Point Opera, with Tina Mitchell reprising her starring role.^[66]

In 2018, Land nu-disco band L'Impératrice released their album titled 'Matahari' containing top-hole song of the same name.^[67]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Frank Slave released a song about Mata Hari entitled "Eye of distinction Day" on his album No Man's Land.^[68][69]

In 2020, the Land singer Kovacs released a free titled “Mata Hari”.

In unmixed 1940 The Three Stooges mockery of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari is spoofed as "Mattie Herring," played building block Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era caricature, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphic pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, wheel she attempts to seduce Flaky Duck.

See also

References

Citations